With the strong global increase in transportation technology and daily increase of cars, the interest in recycling of waste tires have been increased due to energy resources and environmental protection. One of the recycling methods for waste tires is pyrolysis and converting them into liquid fuels. In this study the effect of final reaction temperature and residence time on pyrolysis process and obtained liquid fuels were investigated. Among the pyrolysis products which are solids, liquids and gases, the liquids were selected for further investigation. These pyrolysis liquids were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, and the results showed that liquids contain linear hydrocarbon more than 4 carbon moves toward aromatic component with increasing pyrolysis temperature. These findings were also confirmed by Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis(DHA). The components of pyrolysis liquids consisted mainly of 2, 3-dimethylbutene, 2-Methylbutene, t-Isobutyl-4-ethyl-benzene, and 1-m-4Isopropyl-benzene. The results also showed that the percentages of gases and liquids were increased and decreased respectively with increasing of temperature but there is no change in char percentage yields above 500° C. It is Obviouse that the maximum amount of solids is equal to the percentage of carbon black and other minerals in the rubber formulation that remain in pyrolysis. Measuring of calorific value of pyrolysis liquids showed good compatibility with commercial heating fuels.

Metal Powder fuel has high energy and volume calorific values, and it is an excellent power fuel for hypersonic aircraft in the future. However, metal Powder has poor flow characteristics and is difficult to be effectively mixed with air when supersonic air is injected. The mixing degree of fuel and air is an important factor to the efficiency of the engine. One way to solve this problem is to introduce a jet (the primary jet) upstream of the Powder fuel inlet to improve the mixing degree of fuel and increase the residence time. In this study, a doublehole jet two-dimensional scramjet combustor structure was established, the effects of different initial jet conditions on the performance of scramjets was studied and analyzed. The results show that the introduction of the primary jet can effectively improve the mixing degree of the Powdered fuel and air in the combustion chamber, prolong the residence time of the particles in the combustion chamber and improves the combustion efficiency of the metal Powder. However, both the combustion efficiency of the metal Powder fuel and engine thrust increase and then decrease when the mass flow rate of the primary jet increases.

In the present work, the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process was utillized to fabricate NiO-YSZ composite layer for SOFC anodes on stainless steel substrate. Various suspensions were examined and it was found that co-deposition of the composite layer could be performed more sucsessfully in isopropanol interms of the suspension stability and deposition quality. The EPD parameters were tailored by a trial-and-error-approach to obtain crack-free layers. The effect of applied dc voltage from 50 to 300 V and deposition time from 30 sec to 10 min on the deposition weight, thickness and composition was also studied. The results determined that the presence of nickel oxide nanoparticles in the suspension increases the NiO content of the deposit while improving the microscopic feature of deposition.

Alumina nanomaterials were synthesized via a solution combustion technique using tris- (acetylacetonato) aluminum (III) complex (1) and tris- (2-formylphenolate) aluminum (III) complex (2) at 600, and 1000oC for 3h. The obtained data showed that the procedure without using fuel resulted in a better phase and morphology. To investigate the phase formation, Powder X-ray diffraction technique was used. Also, FESEM micrographs were used to investigate the morphology of the obtained materials. It showed that the morphology of the obtained materials was in the form of different types of porous and particle materials. The optical properties of the obtained materials were studied by FTIR spectra. According to the data, it was found that with annealing at 600oC, the phase formation of the obtained materials showed cubic crystal structures with cell parameter a=3.14   for gamma phase. With increasing the annealing temperature to 1000oC, the obtained material was found to be in a mixture of orthorhombic and hexagonal crystal structures.

In this experiment, the effect of garlic (GP) and tomato (TP) Powders on performance, blood parameters, sex differentiation and hatchability of Ross-308 broiler breeders were examined and compared with In-Ovo injection of garlic or tomato hydroalcoholic extracts. In first experiment, 375 hens and 25 roosters (47 wk.) were randomly allocated to 5 treatments and 5 replicates, for 4 weeks. Treatments included: 1) basal diet (control), 2 and 3) basal diet+ 2 and 4 percent of GP, and 4 and 5) basal diet + 2 and 4 percent of TP, respectively. In second experiment, 200 hens and 20 roosters were randomly allocated to 2 treatments including 1) basal diet and 2) basal diet + 4% of TP (selected treatment of the Exp. 1) in 5 replications from 52-56 wk. During incubation period, experimental treatments included: 1) control group, 2) eggs from hens fed 4% TP, 3) In-Ovo injection of physiological serum and 4 and 5) In-Ovo injection of 0.1 and 0.3 ml of garlic and tomato hydroalcoholic extracts. The results of first experiment, adding garlic and tomato Powders was not significant on egg qualitative traits and blood parameters (P>0.05). All In-Ovo injection treatments increased fertility percentage (P<0.05). The second experiment results showed that treatments had no significant effect on the percent of males and females (P>0.05). In general, addition of 4 percent tomato Powder to broiler breeders in comparison to In-Ovo injection of hydroalcoholic extracts of garlic and tomato, did not increase male 1-d-old chicks’ percentage of hatched chicks.

In the present study, NiCr coating was created by the High Velocity Oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray technique under different conditions in respect to Powder feed rate and fuel/oxygen ratio on the steel samples. Electro chemical corrosion behaviour of the NiCr coated samples was investigated by the potentiostatic polarization in NaCl 3.5% solution. In order to determine the structural traits of the coatings, scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) was used before and after the corrosion testing. The analysis of the results indicates that the fuel/oxygen and the Powder feed rate have a significant effect on the porosity, existing oxide phases, and corrosion resistance, and un/melted Powders of these coatings. corrosion behaviour of the sample, which has coated by fuel/oxygen of 1.25 and Powder feed rate of 18 gr/min, is the best due to lower porosity and oxide zones.